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Re: Prolonged QT and SIDS

Despite the recent emphasis, we still consider prolonged QT interval to be a
rare
cause of SIDS. For this reason, SIDS experts are not recommending routine
electrocardiogram screening of infants. Even if a prolonged QT interval
were found on routine screening, the risk of SIDS is probably very low, and it
is
not clear that any medication would be of more benefit than potential harm.

For an excellent overview of SIDS and QT see -
http://www.sidsalliance.org/media/default.asp?goto=76

Parents who have previously lost a child to SIDS are often desperate to find a
defining reason and protection (i.e. if you can show us something with this
baby then we can prevent it) for their subsequent baby.  Of course, this is a
perfectly natural response.

The most current research however, is indicating that perhaps the most
important thing we can do is to counsel parents on the Back to Sleep AND soft
bedding guidelines.  As the Back to Sleep program becomes more successful, soft
bedding and inappropriate surfaces are really emerging as a significant risk
factors.  This can be an emotionally fine line to walk - especially if there
were some position or bedding issues with the previous death.  However, we
usually try to assure parents that they did the best they could with the
information they had at the time.

I have printed and distributed from the following -
http://www.aap.org/advocacy/releases/softbedding.htm

More on QT from SIDS experts -

"Comments from Henry Krous, M.D.
June 11, 1998

I find this an interesting and provocative study which puts prolonged QTc
interval
and SIDS risk back on the table for further investigation.

SELECTED STRENGTHS of the study are large size, apparent strength of
association, pressure for other investigators to confirm or refute, possible
means of screening in early newborn period and possible preventative
measures.

SELECTED WEAKNESSES are lack of blinded EKG review, lack of linking QTc
results with sleep state, wakefulness, activity level, sleep position,
postmortem
data, listing of other causes of death, and use of Seattle SIDS definition that

does not require scene investigation.

CONCERNS: stampede to have EKGs performed on every baby with highly
variable technical and interpretative skills of techs and docs, possible
prescription
of unwarranted and potentially medications or failure to prescribe medications
when actually indicated (this flies in the face of health care reform in the
USA
with the dumbing down of health care services).

Henry Krous
San Diego"

"The response from the SIDS Alliance is really quite a good one. The NEJM
article
also made the point that even with this significant correlation between SIDS
and
a prolonged QT at birth you would need to treat 100 babies with the long QT to
potentially save two lives. This assumes that the treatment would be effective
and does not even address the risks involved in the treatment drug(s).

The Schwartz study was certainly a large trial that did find a significant
correlation between SIDS and prolonged QT at birth. They found was that 50%
of the infants that died of SIDS had a prolonged QTc on the EKG done during the

first week of life. However, they did not report the positive predictive value
of
having a prolonged QTc and subsequent death in the first year of life from
SIDS.
>From their data you would calculate that there were about 850 babies who had
a prolonged QTc at birth (= 2.5% of the total infants studied 34,000; about 2
standard deviations from the mean). Of that 850 with prolonged QTc at birth 12
died of SIDS (1.4%) and 838 survived the first year.

In this particular case above, it is not routine to obtain an EKG on all
infants in
the US. In the Italian study, all infants get an EKG after 2 days of life when
there
is less variability in the heart rhythm. This is not the case in the US where
more
than half the infants are home by the third day of life. While there was no
history
of prolonged QT in the parents in the Italian study of 34,000 births, we do
know
that sudden unexpected death can occur in adults with prolonged QT. This
sudden death by arrhythmia can be prevented with treatment.

I hope this helps.

JDDeCristofaro, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Medical Director, Infant Apnea Program
UMC Stony Brook, NY"

"Some has suggested that prolonged QT interval may be a cause of SIDS.
However, most investigators do not currently believe this is an important cause

of SIDS.

I hope this is helpful. Thank you.

Tom Keens
Children's Hospital Los Angeles "




Dogwood Ridge wrote:

> Would you do an EKG in a newborn who's older sibling died of SIDS at age 2
> months?  There is no family history of prolonged QT.   Thanks-  Kim
> Burlingham, MD   peds, Texas
>